Section II – Conduct of vessel in sight of one another
Rule 15 - Crossing situation
When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.
Questions & Answers
Q1. What type of vessels do you need for this rule?
A1. 2 power-driven vessels.
Q2. How do you know who is the give way vessel in a crossing situation?
A2. You're the give way vessel if you have another power-driven vessel on your starboard side.
Q3. When are two vessels crossing each other?
A3. Crossing situation :
Vessels are near one another.
Vessel is between half a compass point ahead to two compass points abaft the beam.
Vessel’s courses cross one another.
Q4. Two what type of vessel does Rule 15, Crossing situation apply and not apply?
A4. Crossing situation applies to:
Two power-driven vessels crossing.
Crossing situation does not apply to:
Two sailing vessels.
A sailing vessel and a power-driven vessel.
A power-driven vessel and a hampered vessel (NUC, restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, deep draught, fishing).
Q5. What is the most adequate give-way action when two power driven vessels are crossing?
A5. Action by give-way vessel (preferred):
Alter course to starboard to
Pass astern of other vessel
Sound one short blast
Q6. What should you do in a crossing situation if it is impossible to pass astern of another vessel?
A6. If passing astern is impossible:
Reduce speed, possibly stop and reverse engines (sound three short blasts).
Alter course to port to follow a parallel course .
Make a complete turning circle to port.
Q7. What action should be avoided if the circumstances of the case admit, in a crossing situation if there is risk of collision?
A7. Avoid:
Crossing ahead
Apply a course alteration to port only for a vessel approaching from near the starboard beam.
Apply a course alteration to starboard for a vessel approaching ahead of the starboard beam.
Q8. When would, in crossing situation with risk of collision, a substantial alteration of course to port, be the best avoiding action.
A8. Avoid :
Crossing ahead
Apply a course alteration to port only for a vessel approaching from near the starboard beam.
Apply a course alteration to starboard for a vessel approaching ahead of the starboard beam.
Monday, November 28, 2011
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
ROR - Rule 14 Head-on Situation
Section II – Conduct of vessel in sight of one another
Rule 14 - Head-on Situation
(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.
(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she would see the mast head lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that is does exist and act accordingly.
Questions & Answers
Q1. According to the rule, what types of vessels do you need?
A1. 2 power-driven vessels.
Q2. In a head-on situation between 2 power-driven vessels, how do you know it's a head-on situation at night?
A2. Because you would see his masthead light in between his sidelights.
Q3. What action will you take with 2 power-driven vessels in a head-on situation?
A3. Both vessels will sound 1 short blast on the whistle and make an early and bold alteration to starboard.
Q4. What action will you take if you're in a power-driven vessel, and in a head-on situation with a fishing vessel, also what action would the fishing vessel take?
A4. You will sound 1 short blast on the whistle and make an early and bold alteration to starboard, the fishing vessel will stand-on with caution because he is most hampered.
Q5. What action shall two power driven vessel taken to avoid collision when they are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal course?
A5. Head-on courses, reciprocal courses or nearly reciprocal courses:
Both alter course to starboard
Only applicable to power-driven vessels
NOT to sailing vessels
You're in a Power-driven vessel and in a head-on situation with one of the following, will you stand-on or giveway to the other vessel and does the other vessel stand-on or giveway also?
Other Vessel what are you going to do? what's the other vessel
going to do?
Power-Driven Vessel Giveway Giveway
Sailing Vessel Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Fishing Vessel Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Not Under Command (N.U.C.) Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Restricted in her ability to Manoeuvre Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Constrained by her Draught If the circumstances of the
case admit - Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Minesweeper Turn 180 degrees and make
for the harbour Stand-on with Caution
P.D.V. towing another Vessel Giveway Giveway
Restricted in her ability to manoeuvre
towing another vessel Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Ferry Giveway Giveway
Supertanker Giveway Giveway
Pilot Vessel Giveway Giveway
High Speed Craft Giveway Giveway
Wig Aircraft Stand-on with Caution Giveway
Rule 14 - Head-on Situation
(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other.
(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she would see the mast head lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that is does exist and act accordingly.
Questions & Answers
Q1. According to the rule, what types of vessels do you need?
A1. 2 power-driven vessels.
Q2. In a head-on situation between 2 power-driven vessels, how do you know it's a head-on situation at night?
A2. Because you would see his masthead light in between his sidelights.
Q3. What action will you take with 2 power-driven vessels in a head-on situation?
A3. Both vessels will sound 1 short blast on the whistle and make an early and bold alteration to starboard.
Q4. What action will you take if you're in a power-driven vessel, and in a head-on situation with a fishing vessel, also what action would the fishing vessel take?
A4. You will sound 1 short blast on the whistle and make an early and bold alteration to starboard, the fishing vessel will stand-on with caution because he is most hampered.
Q5. What action shall two power driven vessel taken to avoid collision when they are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal course?
A5. Head-on courses, reciprocal courses or nearly reciprocal courses:
Both alter course to starboard
Only applicable to power-driven vessels
NOT to sailing vessels
You're in a Power-driven vessel and in a head-on situation with one of the following, will you stand-on or giveway to the other vessel and does the other vessel stand-on or giveway also?
Other Vessel what are you going to do? what's the other vessel
going to do?
Power-Driven Vessel Giveway Giveway
Sailing Vessel Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Fishing Vessel Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Not Under Command (N.U.C.) Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Restricted in her ability to Manoeuvre Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Constrained by her Draught If the circumstances of the
case admit - Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Minesweeper Turn 180 degrees and make
for the harbour Stand-on with Caution
P.D.V. towing another Vessel Giveway Giveway
Restricted in her ability to manoeuvre
towing another vessel Giveway Stand-on with Caution
Ferry Giveway Giveway
Supertanker Giveway Giveway
Pilot Vessel Giveway Giveway
High Speed Craft Giveway Giveway
Wig Aircraft Stand-on with Caution Giveway
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Life Can Begin at 50/60 or 70/80
Many people feel unhappy, health-wise and security-wise, after 50/60 70/80 years of age owing to the diminishing importance given to them and their opinions. But, it need not be so, if only we understand the basic principles of life and follow them scrupulously.
Here are ten mantras to age gracefully, make life after retirement pleasant, enjoy and treasure the elder years of wisdom and intelligence at its best.
1. Never say 'I am aged':
There are three ages, chronological, biological, and psychological. The first is calculated based on our date of birth; the second is determined by the health conditions and the third is how old you feel you are. While we don't have control over the first, we can take care of our health with good diet, exercise and a cheerful attitude. A positive attitude and optimistic thinking can reverse the third age.
2. Health is wealth:
If you really love your kids and kin, taking care of yourself and your health should be your priority. Thus, you will not be a burden to them. Have an annual health check-up and take the prescribed medicines regularly. Take out a health care insurance coverage.
3. Money is important:
Money is essential for meeting the basic necessities of life, keeping good health and earning family respect and security. Don't spend beyond your means even for your children. You have lived for them throughout and it is time you enjoyed a harmonious life with your spouse. If your children are grateful they should take care of you. But never take it for granted.
4. Relaxation and recreation:
The most relaxing and recreating forces are healthy and religious attitudes, good sleep, music and laughter. Have faith in God, to sleep well, love learn good music, and see the fun side of life.
5. Time is precious:
It is almost like holding a horse's reins. When they are in your hands, you can control them. Imagine that every day you are born again. Yesterday is a paid cheque. Tomorrow is a promissory note. Today is ready cash; use it wisely. Live this moment.
6. Change is the only permanent thing:
We should accept change; it is inevitable. The only way to make sense out of change is to join the dance. Change has brought about many pleasant things. We should be happy that our children are blessed.
7. Enlightened selfishness:
Human beings are basically selfish. Whatever they do, they expect something in return. We should definitely be grateful to those who stood by us. But, our focus should be on the internal satisfaction and happiness we derive by doing good to others, without expecting anything in return.
8. Forget and forgive:
Don't be bothered too much about others' mistakes. We are not spiritual enough to show our other cheek when we are slapped on one cheek. But, for the sake of our own health and happiness, let us forgive and forget them. Otherwise, we will only be increasing our blood pressure.
9. Everything has a reason; a purpose:
Take life as it comes. Accept yourself as you are and also accept others for what they are. Everybody is unique and right in their own ways.
10. Overcome the fear of death:
We all know that one day we have to leave this world. Still we are afraid of death. We think that our spouse and children will be unable to withstand our loss. But, the truth is that no one is going to die for you; they may be depressed for some time. Time heals everything and they will carry on.
NOBODY GETS OUT OF THIS WORLD ALIVE!
Here are ten mantras to age gracefully, make life after retirement pleasant, enjoy and treasure the elder years of wisdom and intelligence at its best.
1. Never say 'I am aged':
There are three ages, chronological, biological, and psychological. The first is calculated based on our date of birth; the second is determined by the health conditions and the third is how old you feel you are. While we don't have control over the first, we can take care of our health with good diet, exercise and a cheerful attitude. A positive attitude and optimistic thinking can reverse the third age.
2. Health is wealth:
If you really love your kids and kin, taking care of yourself and your health should be your priority. Thus, you will not be a burden to them. Have an annual health check-up and take the prescribed medicines regularly. Take out a health care insurance coverage.
3. Money is important:
Money is essential for meeting the basic necessities of life, keeping good health and earning family respect and security. Don't spend beyond your means even for your children. You have lived for them throughout and it is time you enjoyed a harmonious life with your spouse. If your children are grateful they should take care of you. But never take it for granted.
4. Relaxation and recreation:
The most relaxing and recreating forces are healthy and religious attitudes, good sleep, music and laughter. Have faith in God, to sleep well, love learn good music, and see the fun side of life.
5. Time is precious:
It is almost like holding a horse's reins. When they are in your hands, you can control them. Imagine that every day you are born again. Yesterday is a paid cheque. Tomorrow is a promissory note. Today is ready cash; use it wisely. Live this moment.
6. Change is the only permanent thing:
We should accept change; it is inevitable. The only way to make sense out of change is to join the dance. Change has brought about many pleasant things. We should be happy that our children are blessed.
7. Enlightened selfishness:
Human beings are basically selfish. Whatever they do, they expect something in return. We should definitely be grateful to those who stood by us. But, our focus should be on the internal satisfaction and happiness we derive by doing good to others, without expecting anything in return.
8. Forget and forgive:
Don't be bothered too much about others' mistakes. We are not spiritual enough to show our other cheek when we are slapped on one cheek. But, for the sake of our own health and happiness, let us forgive and forget them. Otherwise, we will only be increasing our blood pressure.
9. Everything has a reason; a purpose:
Take life as it comes. Accept yourself as you are and also accept others for what they are. Everybody is unique and right in their own ways.
10. Overcome the fear of death:
We all know that one day we have to leave this world. Still we are afraid of death. We think that our spouse and children will be unable to withstand our loss. But, the truth is that no one is going to die for you; they may be depressed for some time. Time heals everything and they will carry on.
NOBODY GETS OUT OF THIS WORLD ALIVE!
Monday, November 21, 2011
IALA Maritime Buoyage System
Cardinal Marks
North Cardinal
White Light, Very Quick Flashing or Quick Flashing, Continuous, Pass to the North side of this buoy.
East Cardinal
White light, Very Quick or Quick Flashing 3 every 5 or 10 seconds, Pass to the East side of this buoy.
South Cardinal
White light, Very Quick or Quick 6 flashes plus a long flash every 10 or 15 seconds, Pass to the South side of this Buoy.
West Cardinal
White light, Very Quick or Quick 9 Flashes every 10 or 15 seconds, Pass to the West side of this buoy.
A cardinal mark is used in conjunction with the compass to indicate the best navigable water. It is placed in one of four quadrants (north, east, south, or
west) from the best water. A cardinal mark takes its name from the compass point in which it is placed.
The mariner is safe if he/she passes north of a north mark, east of a east mark, south of a south mark, and west of a west mark. A cardinal mark may be used to do the following:
1. Indicate that the deepest water is an area on the named side of the mark.
2. Indicate the safe side on which to pass a danger.
3. Draw attention to a feature in a channel, such as a bend, junction, branch, or end of a shoal.
Topmarks
By day, topmarks are the most important features of cardinal marks. The arrangement of the cones must be memorized. For north, the points of the cones is up; and for south, the points of the cones is down. An aid to help you memorize the west topmark is that it resembles a wineglass. Cardinal marks carry topmarks, whenever practical, with cones as large as possible and clearly separated.
Color
Black and yellow horizontal bands are used to color cardinal marks. The position of the black band, or bands, is related to the point of the black topmarks.The black and yellow horizontal bands are used as follows:
1. North—Black bands above yellow bands
2. South—Black bands below yellow bands
3. West—Black band with yellow bands above and below
4. East—Black bands above and below yellow band
The shape of a cardinal mark is not important; but in the case of a buoy, it will be pillar or spar.
Light Characteristics
1. North—Very quick flashing (VQ) or quick flashing (Q)
2. East—Very quick flashing every 5 seconds (VQ (3) 5s) or quick flashing every 10 seconds (Q (3) 10s)
3. South—Very quick flashes followed by a long flash every 10 seconds (VQ FL (6) + LFl 10s) or quick flashing followed by a long flash every 15 seconds
(Q (6) + LFl 15s)
4. West—Very quick flashing light every 10 seconds (VQ (9) 10s) or quick flashing every 15 seconds (Q (9) 15s)
As a memory aid, associate the number of flashes in each group with a clock face (3 o'clock, east; 6 o'clock, south; and 9 o'clock, west). The long flash immediately following the group of flashes from a south cardinal mark is to ensure that its six flashes cannot be mistaken for three or nine.
Quick flashing lights flash at a rate of either 50 or 60 flashes per minute. Very quick flashing lights flash at a rate of either 100 or 120 flashes per minute. It is necessary to have a choice of quick or very quick flashing light to avoid confusion. Two north buoys that are placed near enough to each other to be
mistaken is one example where the quick flashing or very quick flashing lights would be needed.
Lateral Mark
Region A.
Region A is used in Europe, Africa, and most of Asia, including Australia and New Zealand. The major rule to remember when using region A is that the lateral mark will be red buoys to port and green buoys to starboard when entering from seaward.
Port Hand Lateral Mark
Red Light, Any Rhythm except 2 +1, Going with direction of Buoyage, alter to starboard and take the buoy down your port side.
Starboard Hand Lateral Mark
Green Light, Any Rhythm except 2 + 1, Going with direction of Buoyage, alter to port and take the buoy down your starboard side.
Port Hand Lateral Mark Preferred channel to Starboard
Red Light, Flashing 2 +1, Going with direction of Buoyage, alter to starboard and take the buoy down your port side, you can go up the wrong side of the buoy if you have a shallow drafted vessel and have local knowledge of the area.
Preferred channel to Port Starboard Hand Lateral Mark
Green Light, Flashing 2 + 1, Going with direction of Buoyage, alter to port and take the buoy down your starboard side, you can go up the wrong side of the buoy if you have a shallow drafted vessel and have local knowledge of the area.
Region B
Region B is used in North, Central, and South America, plus Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines. The rule to remember when using region B is the exact opposite from using region A: Lateral marks will be red to starboard and green to port when entering from seaward.
Port Hand Lateral Mark
Green Light, Any Rhythm except 2 +1, Going with direction of Buoyage, alter to starboard and take the buoy down your port side.
Starboard Hand Lateral Mark
Red Light, Any Rhythm except 2 + 1, Going with direction of Buoyage, alter to port and take the buoy down your starboard side.
Port Hand Lateral Mark Preferred channel to Starboard
Green Light, Flashing 2 +1, Going with direction of Buoyage, alter to starboard and take the buoy down your port side, you can go up the wrong side of the buoy if you have a shallow drafted vessel and have local knowledge of the area.
Starboard Hand Lateral Mark Preferred channel to Port
Red Light, Flashing 2 + 1, Going with direction of Buoyage, alter to port and take the buoy down your starboard side, you can go up the wrong side of the buoy if you have a shallow drafted vessel and have local knowledge of the area.
Isolated Danger Mark
White Light, Group Flash 2, You can pass either side of this buoy, preferable altering to starboard and take the buoy down your port side.
An isolated danger mark is erected on, or moored above, an isolated danger of limited extent. An isolated danger mark has navigable water all around it. The extent of the surrounding navigable water is not important. The isolated danger mark can, for example, indicate either a shoal that is well offshore or an islet separated by a narrow channel from the coast.
A black double-sphere topmark is, by day, the most important feature of an isolated danger mark. Whenever practical, this topmark will be carried with
the spheres as large as possible, mounted vertically, and clearly separated.
Black, with one or more red horizontal bands, is used for isolated danger marks. The shape of an isolated danger mark is not significant, but in the case
of a buoy, it will be either pillar or spar.
When lighted, a white flashing light showing a group of two flashes (FL (2)) is used to denote an isolated danger mark. The association of two flashes
and two spheres in the topmark may be a help in remembering these characteristics.
Safewater Mark
White Light, One of four flashes Isophase, Occulting, Morse A, Long flash every 10 seconds, You can pass either side of this buoy, preferable altering to starboard and take the buoy down your port side. Long Flash is between 4 6 seconds.
A safe-water mark is used to indicate there is navigable water all around the mark. Such a mark may be used as a centerline, midchannel, or landfall buoy.
Red and white vertical stripes are used for safe-water marks. The vertical stripes are used to distinguish them from the black-banded danger marks. Spherical, pillar, or spar buoys may be used as safe-water marks. Whenever practical, a pillar or spar buoy used as a safe-water mark will carry a single red
sphere topmark.
When lighted, a safe-water mark exhibits a white light. The phase characteristics of the light will be occulting, equal intervals, one long flash every 10 seconds, or Morse A. The association of a single flash and a single sphere in the topmark may help you to remember its characteristics.
Special Mark
Yellow Light, Any Rhythm not used for any buoys with white lights in the area.
A special mark may be used to indicate to the mariner a special area or feature. The nature of the special area or feature may be found by consulting the chart, Sailing Directions, or Notices to Mariners. The use of a special mark includes the following: Ocean Data Acquisition System (ODAS) buoys carrying oceanographic or meteorological sensors Traffic separation marks. Spoil ground marks. Military exercise zone marks. Cable or pipeline marks, including outfall pipes. Recreation zone marks.
Another function of a special mark is to define a channel within a channel (for example, a channel for deep-draft vessels in a wide approach area where the
limits of the channel for normal navigation are marked by red and green lateral buoys).
Yellow is the color used for special marks. The shape of a special mark is optional but must not conflict with a lateral or a safe-water mark.
When a topmark is carried, it takes the form of a single yellow X. When a light is exhibited, it is yellow. The phase light characteristics may be any other than
those used for white lights of cardinal, isolated danger, and safe-water marks.
Sunday, November 20, 2011
ROR - Rule 13 Overtaking
Section II – Conduct of vessel in sight of one another
Rule 13 - Overtaking
(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.
(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights.
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or reliever her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.
Questions & Answers
Q1. What's classed as an overtaking vessel?
A1. When you're coming up on another vessel MORE than 22.5 degrees abaft the beam.
Q2. What light will you see at night if you're overtaking another vessel?
A2. The sternlight of the other vessel.
Q3. What are your priorities when overtaking another vessel?
A3. To keep well clear of the vessel being overtaken until well past and clear.
Q4. What distance would you say is well past and clear?
A4. At least 4 miles.
Q5. If you're overtaking another vessel and now you're abeam of the other vessel are you overtaking or crossing?
A5. You're still an overtaking vessel until well past and clear
Q6. If you're in any vessel and any vessel is overtaking you what would you do?
A6. Stand-on with caution keeping your course and speed.
Q7. If you're coming up on a vessel at 22.5 degrees abaft the beam, are you a crossing vessel or overtaking vessel?
A7. You're a crossing vessel, the word MORE is missing.
Q8. If you're overtaking a vessel, you're on his starboard quarter and the other vessel is on your stem, what action will you take?
A8. Take the shortest course, sound 2 short blasts on the whistle and make an early and bold alteration to port and go around the other vessel's stern.
Q9. If you're overtaking a vessel, you're on his port quarter and the other vessel is on your stem, what action will you take?
A9. Take the shortest course, sound 1 short blast on the whistle and make an early and bold alteration to starboard and go around the other vessel's stern.
Q10. If you're coming up on a vessel, and one minute you're seeing his sternlight, then his sidelight, then his sternlight, is this a crossing situation or an overtaking situation?
A10. This is an overtaking situation.
ROR - Rule 12 Sailing Vessels
Section II – Conduct of vessel in sight of one another
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:
(i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;
(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;
(b) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest for-and-aft sail is carried.
Questions & Answers
Q1. In the following sketches which sailing vessel is the Give way vessel?
Q2. In the following sketches which sailing vessel is the Give way vessel?
Q3. In the following sketches which sailing vessel is the Give way vessel?
Q4. In the following sketches which sailing vessel is the Give way vessel?
Q5. On a sailing vessel, what is deemed as the windward side?
A5. For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.
Q6. Define the point of sailing of a sailing vessel.
A6. Point of sailing - Side on which vessel catches the wind
Main points of sailing
Port tack: wind on port side, sails over starboard
Starboard tack: wind on starboard, sails over port
ROR - Rule 11 Application
Section II – Conduct of vessel in sight of one another
Rule 11 - Application
Rule 11 - Application
Rules in this Section apply to vessels in sight of one another.
Thursday, November 17, 2011
ROR - Rule 10 Traffic Separation Schemes
Section I – Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility
Rule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organisation and does not reliever any vessel of her obligation under any other Rule.
(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane;
(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;
(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
(d)
(i) a vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.
(ii) Notwithstanding sub-paragraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.
(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger.
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.
(j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a powerdriven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extend necessary to carry out the operation.
(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
Question & Answers
Q1. How do you join a lane?
A1. At the start of a lane or at a small an angle as possible to the lane.
Q2. How do you leave a lane?
A2. At the end of a lane or at a small an angle as possible to the lane.
Q3. How do you cross the lanes?
A3. At 90 degrees to the general flow of traffic (DO NOT SAY TO THE LANE)
Q4. Why 90 degrees?
A4. Because it's the quickest way across, and vessels in the lane can see the aspect of your vessel.
Q5. If crossing a lane, what 3 vessels do not impede any vessel using a lane?
A5. A fishing vessel, a sailing vessel and a power-driven vessel under 20metres.
Q6. What vessels can use the inshore zone?
A6. A power-driven vessel under 20 metres, sailing vessels, fishing vessels, vessels going to or from a port, going from port to port in the scheme, going into anchor to do emergency repairs, to avoid immediate danger, to lay submarine cables or to do repairs to buoys within the scheme.
Q7. What vessels can use the traffic separation zone?
A7. Fishing vessels, anchor for emergency repairs, crossing vessels, to avoid immediate danger, to lay submarine cables or to do repairs to buoys within the scheme.
Q8. Where can you anchor in a scheme?
A8. Anywhere, as long as it's to do emergency repairs, try and avoid anchoring in the lanes and at the terminations.
Q9. What would you do if you had to stop your main engine to do emergency repairs in a lane and had to anchor?
A9. Call up the port and advise them, also put out a security warning other vessels that you're at anchor, put up anchor lights and daytime signal.
Q10. Where can you fish in the scheme?
A10. Anywhere, but if fishing in a lane then go with the flow of traffic, and try and avoid fishing at the terminations.
Q11. Would you fish in a traffic separation scheme?
A11. This is a personnel question, there is a lot of large traffic there; you would be putting your crew and vessel into dangerous situations.
Q12. Could a supertanker leave a lane at 90 degrees come into the inshore zone to a pilot station, pick up a pilot and then cross to the opposite inshore zone at 90 degrees?
A12. No, he would have to leave the lane at a small an angle as possible to the lanes.
Q13. If you're in a power-driven vessel, crossing a scheme and on your port bow is another power-driven vessel in a lane, the bearing are steady and the distance is closing, what are you going to do?
A13. First find out length of vessel you are in.
Q14. Does it matter what size the power-driven vessel is that you're in?
A14. Yes, if under 20 metres and crossing a lane, then your not allowed to impede ANY vessel that is in the traffic lane that is going with the flow of traffic, if over 20 metres you would stand-on with caution maintaining your course and speed, the Power-driven vessel that is in the lane has to leave the lane at 90 degrees to take the risk of collision out.
Q15. Your in a 30 metres power-driven vessel crossing a lane, and there is a power-driven vessel on your port bow in a lane, the bearings are steady and the distance is closing, what are you going to do?
A15. Stand-on with caution, maintaining your course and speed.
Q16. How would the power-driven vessel leave the lane?
A16. He would make an early and bold alteration to starboard sounding 1 short blast on the whistle indicating he is altering to starboard.
Q17. Would he line up your stern and go around it?
A17. No, this would be a close quarter situation and could make you alter your course and put into a collision course with another vessel.
Q18. After the vessel came around your stern, how would he get back into the lane?
A18. At a small angle as possible to the general flow of traffic.
Q19. If you where in any vessel, just outside the scheme, would you manoeuvre here?
A19. No, it says if not using the scheme, then to give it a wide a margin as possible.
Q20. If you're fishing in a lane, and there is a power-driven vessel overtaking you, what are you going to do?
A20. Stand-on with caution, you have to use rule 13 Overtaking.
Q21. If you're crossing a lane in a fishing vessel and any vessel is on your port bow in a lane, the bearings are steady and the distance is closing, what are you going to do?
A21. If you're crossing and the bearings are steady, then you have to give-way to all vessels in a lane.
Sunday, November 13, 2011
Good Thoughts
Heavy rains remind us of challenges in life. Never ask for a lighter rain. Just pray for a better umbrella. - That is attitude.
When flood comes, fish eat ants and flood recedes, ants eat fish. - Only time matters. Just hold on, God gives opportunity to everyone!
Life is not about finding the right person, but creating the right relationship, it's not how we care in the beginning, but how much we care till the very end.
Some people always throw stones in your path. It depends on what you make with them. A Wall or a Bridge? - Remember you are the architect of your life.
Search for a beautiful heart, but don't search for a beautiful face. Because beautiful things are not always good, but good things are always beautiful.
It is not important to hold all the good cards in life. But it is important how well you play with the cards you hold.
Often when we lose all hope and think this is the end, God smiles from above and says, 'relax dear it is just a bend, not the end.' - Have faith and have a successful life.
One of the basic differences between God and humans is, God gives, gives and forgives. But the human gets, gets, gets and forgets.
Be thankful in life....
When flood comes, fish eat ants and flood recedes, ants eat fish. - Only time matters. Just hold on, God gives opportunity to everyone!
Life is not about finding the right person, but creating the right relationship, it's not how we care in the beginning, but how much we care till the very end.
Some people always throw stones in your path. It depends on what you make with them. A Wall or a Bridge? - Remember you are the architect of your life.
Search for a beautiful heart, but don't search for a beautiful face. Because beautiful things are not always good, but good things are always beautiful.
It is not important to hold all the good cards in life. But it is important how well you play with the cards you hold.
Often when we lose all hope and think this is the end, God smiles from above and says, 'relax dear it is just a bend, not the end.' - Have faith and have a successful life.
One of the basic differences between God and humans is, God gives, gives and forgives. But the human gets, gets, gets and forgets.
Be thankful in life....
Marine Guidance Note - MGN 166 (M + F)
MGN 166 (M + F) - Guideline for Voyage Planning
What are the Four Elements to a Passage Plan?
Appraisal
Planning
Execution
Monitoring
Appraisal, what is this?
When you gather as much safety and navigation information to give you a safe voyage.
What type of information does this involve?
The tides
Tidal streams
Under-keel allowances
Information from pilot books/sailing directions
Chart dangers (rocks, shallow water oil-rigs etc.)
Traffic schemes
Weather information (shipping forecasts)
Possible areas of restricted visibility
Any areas, which would involve an area of high traffic density
Planning, what is this?
Planning out the intended voyage, using all the information from Appraisal
What have you to do to make a plan of your voyage?
Plot the intended voyage making sure it is safe, and that the plan has been checked out by the master of the vessel, use way points, parallel indexing , courses, distance to steam on each leg, and by using all the information that you Appraised
Execution, what is this?
The master should find out how long his intended voyage should take, making sure he has enough water and fuel for the voyage
He should take into account any weather conditions expected on the voyage
Any areas of high traffic density that would make him deviate from his course (he should if possible make a plan to keep well clear of these areas)
Monitoring, what is this?
This is the act of checking your position often on a chart and that you remain in a safe distance from any danger areas (land)
Parallel Indexing should be used when you are alongside any hazards to maintain a safe distance
What is Parallel Indexing?
This is done by using your radar and V.R.M. (Variable Range Marker) and putting a distance on to it , as long as this distance is not breached, then your vessel should be in safe water
What is the purpose of Parallel Indexing?
To make sure your vessel is a safe distance away from any navigation hazards
How do you parallel index using radar?
By using your heading marker and slide it over towards the side that has the obstruction and using your V.R.M. and measuring the distance you need and put the heading marker onto the V.R.M.
What would you do if you had to parallel index off a point of land at 2 miles but the radar says your 1.7 miles from the point of land?
Alter off the land until you where 2 miles from the point of land, never breech what distance you had to keep off an obstruction
Oral Exam Questions
Q1. What distance would you parallel index off the land or any obstacles that's in your passage plan?
A1. At least 2 miles depending on the depth of water at that obstacle and any dangers to the ship
Q2. You've made a passage plan up for a voyage from Aberdeen to Egypt, how will you find out the state of the tide in the area your going too?
A2. By using the tidal diamonds that's on the chart of the area your going too
Q3. Why is it important to keep your charts up to date?
A3. Incase any new obstructions endanger your vessel, sunk vessel with her masts above the water, well-heads, new approaches to a harbour, oil-rig shifted position Etc.
Q4. How do you correct your charts up to date?
A4. By using the Cumulative Notices to Mariners and cross referencing them against the numbers of past corrections on the bottom left hand side of your chart.
Q5. What would you do if there was a correction missing?
A5. Find out the correction number and what issue of the Weekly Notices to Mariners it was contained in and enter it and put the correction number in at the bottom left hand side of the chart then sign it and date it.
Q6. What is Position fixing?
A6. By using your GPS and taking the lat/long and placing this onto a chart
Q7. How can you Position fix your position on a chart if you only have a radar, charts and a magnetic compass 2 miles from a point of land?
A7. By taking a compass bearing of the point of land and changing this to a true bearing then reversing the true bearing, now draw a line with the true reversed bearing from the point of land and measure off 2 miles this will give you an approximate fix
Q8. What publication would you find all the charts of the world?
A8. Admiralty World Charts
What are the Four Elements to a Passage Plan?
Appraisal
Planning
Execution
Monitoring
Appraisal, what is this?
When you gather as much safety and navigation information to give you a safe voyage.
What type of information does this involve?
The tides
Tidal streams
Under-keel allowances
Information from pilot books/sailing directions
Chart dangers (rocks, shallow water oil-rigs etc.)
Traffic schemes
Weather information (shipping forecasts)
Possible areas of restricted visibility
Any areas, which would involve an area of high traffic density
Planning, what is this?
Planning out the intended voyage, using all the information from Appraisal
What have you to do to make a plan of your voyage?
Plot the intended voyage making sure it is safe, and that the plan has been checked out by the master of the vessel, use way points, parallel indexing , courses, distance to steam on each leg, and by using all the information that you Appraised
Execution, what is this?
The master should find out how long his intended voyage should take, making sure he has enough water and fuel for the voyage
He should take into account any weather conditions expected on the voyage
Any areas of high traffic density that would make him deviate from his course (he should if possible make a plan to keep well clear of these areas)
Monitoring, what is this?
This is the act of checking your position often on a chart and that you remain in a safe distance from any danger areas (land)
Parallel Indexing should be used when you are alongside any hazards to maintain a safe distance
What is Parallel Indexing?
This is done by using your radar and V.R.M. (Variable Range Marker) and putting a distance on to it , as long as this distance is not breached, then your vessel should be in safe water
What is the purpose of Parallel Indexing?
To make sure your vessel is a safe distance away from any navigation hazards
How do you parallel index using radar?
By using your heading marker and slide it over towards the side that has the obstruction and using your V.R.M. and measuring the distance you need and put the heading marker onto the V.R.M.
What would you do if you had to parallel index off a point of land at 2 miles but the radar says your 1.7 miles from the point of land?
Alter off the land until you where 2 miles from the point of land, never breech what distance you had to keep off an obstruction
Oral Exam Questions
Q1. What distance would you parallel index off the land or any obstacles that's in your passage plan?
A1. At least 2 miles depending on the depth of water at that obstacle and any dangers to the ship
Q2. You've made a passage plan up for a voyage from Aberdeen to Egypt, how will you find out the state of the tide in the area your going too?
A2. By using the tidal diamonds that's on the chart of the area your going too
Q3. Why is it important to keep your charts up to date?
A3. Incase any new obstructions endanger your vessel, sunk vessel with her masts above the water, well-heads, new approaches to a harbour, oil-rig shifted position Etc.
Q4. How do you correct your charts up to date?
A4. By using the Cumulative Notices to Mariners and cross referencing them against the numbers of past corrections on the bottom left hand side of your chart.
Q5. What would you do if there was a correction missing?
A5. Find out the correction number and what issue of the Weekly Notices to Mariners it was contained in and enter it and put the correction number in at the bottom left hand side of the chart then sign it and date it.
Q6. What is Position fixing?
A6. By using your GPS and taking the lat/long and placing this onto a chart
Q7. How can you Position fix your position on a chart if you only have a radar, charts and a magnetic compass 2 miles from a point of land?
A7. By taking a compass bearing of the point of land and changing this to a true bearing then reversing the true bearing, now draw a line with the true reversed bearing from the point of land and measure off 2 miles this will give you an approximate fix
Q8. What publication would you find all the charts of the world?
A8. Admiralty World Charts
Deck Officer 2nd Class Oral Question
Deck Officer 2nd Class Oral Question
1st Candidate
IMDG Code. MFAG , EMS No. Class. What extra equipment ships carrying dangerous goods MUST carry? Example 2 extra BA sets and chemical suits.
What is dock water density and a fresh water allowance (FWA)?
How to load containers on top of the bulk carrier hatches?
At what angle would you have securing wires?
What would do if any of the containers were damaged?
“A NOTE OF PROTEST“, “MATES RECEIPTS “, “BILL OF LAIDING “.
Enclosed spaces entry, how to test atmosphere? What to check?
Hammar hydrostatic release unit. How to rig it and explain in detail how they work?
Man over board. Procedure, action and Williamson turn.
Squat, interaction and bank effect .
Name and explain different parts of magnetic compass.
KELVIN`S BALLS , FLINDERS BAR
Why there is liquid in the compass. (to keep card wet)
What are the 2 corrections that can be done to a gyro. (Latitude and Speed)
Passage planning in details.How do you keep 2 radars set up and how to do parrallel indexing with different displays.
Radar plotting, 3 positions provided and to complete the plot and provide the CPA, Aspect, Course and Speed of the other vessel and what action to be taken.
Rules 6, 9, 10 ,19 in details.
Light and shape including arcs of visibility, horizontal and vertical spacing, fog signal and day shape .
Buoys - west cardinal, north cardinal, isolated danger, safe water mark.
Ship changing flag, how would I go about changing and re-registering EPIRB.
2nd Candidate
“Mates Receipts“, “Bills of Laiding“ & “Note of Protest“ Explained.
Cargo Securing Manual and the Code Of Safe Working Practice For Cargo Stowage And Securing, what was all in them and what the Rule of Thumb is all about.
How did you secure your deck cargo for bad weather.
Bunkering, who is responsible? What signals would I be showing to indicate that I am bunkering by day and by night (Code flag B or at night a single all round red light).
Asked the precautions to be taken while bunkering and all the equipment and information to do with SOPEP / SMPEP.
How would you deal with a fire in the engine room?
If you were mate on a ship, how would you deal with a man overboard.
Which publication you can find all the information on search patterns in. (IAMSAR)
Have you read M notice on Passage Planning? What it is?
What are the principals of passage planning?
What publications must be carried on vessels and what information is in each of the publications?
How could you find out if the charts were up to date?
Type of mooring ropes, formula for breaking strand, SWL. Calculate the breaking strand.
Describe turning short around with a ship model.
Rules of the road - Rules 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 & 19 in detail.
Arc`s of visibility, range of lights, horizontal & vertical separation.
Buoy - Isolated danger mark.
How much anchor cable you had on board, type of anchor, type and thickness of mooring ropes, radar displays used etc.
M notices.
Squat, interaction and bank effect.
1st Candidate
IMDG Code. MFAG , EMS No. Class. What extra equipment ships carrying dangerous goods MUST carry? Example 2 extra BA sets and chemical suits.
What is dock water density and a fresh water allowance (FWA)?
How to load containers on top of the bulk carrier hatches?
At what angle would you have securing wires?
What would do if any of the containers were damaged?
“A NOTE OF PROTEST“, “MATES RECEIPTS “, “BILL OF LAIDING “.
Enclosed spaces entry, how to test atmosphere? What to check?
Hammar hydrostatic release unit. How to rig it and explain in detail how they work?
Man over board. Procedure, action and Williamson turn.
Squat, interaction and bank effect .
Name and explain different parts of magnetic compass.
KELVIN`S BALLS , FLINDERS BAR
Why there is liquid in the compass. (to keep card wet)
What are the 2 corrections that can be done to a gyro. (Latitude and Speed)
Passage planning in details.How do you keep 2 radars set up and how to do parrallel indexing with different displays.
Radar plotting, 3 positions provided and to complete the plot and provide the CPA, Aspect, Course and Speed of the other vessel and what action to be taken.
Rules 6, 9, 10 ,19 in details.
Light and shape including arcs of visibility, horizontal and vertical spacing, fog signal and day shape .
Buoys - west cardinal, north cardinal, isolated danger, safe water mark.
Ship changing flag, how would I go about changing and re-registering EPIRB.
2nd Candidate
“Mates Receipts“, “Bills of Laiding“ & “Note of Protest“ Explained.
Cargo Securing Manual and the Code Of Safe Working Practice For Cargo Stowage And Securing, what was all in them and what the Rule of Thumb is all about.
How did you secure your deck cargo for bad weather.
Bunkering, who is responsible? What signals would I be showing to indicate that I am bunkering by day and by night (Code flag B or at night a single all round red light).
Asked the precautions to be taken while bunkering and all the equipment and information to do with SOPEP / SMPEP.
How would you deal with a fire in the engine room?
If you were mate on a ship, how would you deal with a man overboard.
Which publication you can find all the information on search patterns in. (IAMSAR)
Have you read M notice on Passage Planning? What it is?
What are the principals of passage planning?
What publications must be carried on vessels and what information is in each of the publications?
How could you find out if the charts were up to date?
Type of mooring ropes, formula for breaking strand, SWL. Calculate the breaking strand.
Describe turning short around with a ship model.
Rules of the road - Rules 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 & 19 in detail.
Arc`s of visibility, range of lights, horizontal & vertical separation.
Buoy - Isolated danger mark.
How much anchor cable you had on board, type of anchor, type and thickness of mooring ropes, radar displays used etc.
M notices.
Squat, interaction and bank effect.
Saturday, November 12, 2011
Officer of the Watch Oral Question
O.O.W. (Officer of the Watch) (Candidates Actual Oral Exam)
Sextant
Azimuth
Compass – (care and maintenance – find deviation for ships head)
Buoys
Man Overboard – (procedures)
Life Saving Appliances
Distress Signals
Williamson Turn
Lights – (loads off)
Preparations for Wheelhouse before going to sea – (passage plans, navigation aids tested etc.)
Manoeuvre’s – (traffic separation zones, crossing, restricted visibility, over-taking, narrow channels etc.)
Risk Assessment
Grain Rules – (how would you know if your vessel could carry grain)
IMDG Code – (given chemical name, asked to find schedule, where to stow, if could be stowed beside another chemical) Calcium Chloride
Passage Planning – (four stages, explain each)
What a shipper has to give you regarding the carriage of chemicals, before loading.
All rules covered.
Sextant
Azimuth
Compass – (care and maintenance – find deviation for ships head)
Buoys
Man Overboard – (procedures)
Life Saving Appliances
Distress Signals
Williamson Turn
Lights – (loads off)
Preparations for Wheelhouse before going to sea – (passage plans, navigation aids tested etc.)
Manoeuvre’s – (traffic separation zones, crossing, restricted visibility, over-taking, narrow channels etc.)
Risk Assessment
Grain Rules – (how would you know if your vessel could carry grain)
IMDG Code – (given chemical name, asked to find schedule, where to stow, if could be stowed beside another chemical) Calcium Chloride
Passage Planning – (four stages, explain each)
What a shipper has to give you regarding the carriage of chemicals, before loading.
All rules covered.
Friday, November 11, 2011
ROR - Rule 9 Narrow Channels
Section I – Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility
Rule 9 - Narrow Channels
(i) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the other limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.
(ii) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.
(iii) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
(iv) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.
(v) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed by Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
(ii) This rule does not relieve the overtaking of her obligation under Rule 13.
(vi) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessel may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).
(vii) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
Questions & Answers
Q1. What side of the narrow channel would you keep?
A1.The starboard side of the narrow channel as long as your vessel is in safe water.
Q2. What would you sound to overtake a vessels starboard side?
A2. (Morse "G") (2 prolonged blasts followed by 1 short blast on the whistle
Q3. What would you sound to overtake a vessels port side?
A3. (Morse "Z")(2 prolonged blasts followed by 2 short blasts on the whistle)
Q4. What would you sound if you agree to be overtaken in a narrow channel?
A4. (Morse "C")(1 prolonged, 1 short, 1 prolonged, 1 short blast on the whistle)
Q5. What would you sound if you disagree to be overtaken in a narrow channel?
A5. (5 or more short and rapid blasts on the whistle)
Q6. What would you sound coming up to a bend in a narrow channel?
A6. (1 prolonged blast on the whistle)
Q7. If there is another vessel coming around the bend and he heard your warning signal, what would he sound?
A7. (1 prolonged blast on the whistle to let you know he is there)
Q8. What 3 vessels do not impede any other vessels using a narrow channel?
A8. A fishing vessel, sailing vessel and vessels under 20 metres
Q9. Are you allowed to cross a narrow channel?
A9. Yes, as long as you do not impede any vessel using the narrow channel
Q10. If you where in a narrow channel, and there is a vessel crossing a narrow channel, what would you sound to get him to stop and let you pass?
A10. Five or more short and rapid blasts on the whistle to indicate that your unsure of his intentions.
Q11. Define the term "narrow channel" or "fairway"?
A11. Narrow channel:
Channel limited by buoys
Channel 2 or 3 miles wide
The bed of a river
The deeper part of a river, harbour
An approach to harbour
Q12. Where should vessel navigate in narrow channel or fairway?
A12. Navigation in narrow channel or fairway:
Near outer limit on starboard side
As is safe and practicable
Q13. To what type of vessels does Rule 9, narrow channel apply?
A13. Applies to all vessels:
Power-driven vessels and sailing vessels
Q14. Which precautionary steps can you take if without apparent reason an incoming vessel does not keep to the starboard of the channel or fairway or navigates on the wrong side?
A14. Oncoming vessel does not keep to starboard:
Give warning signal
Keep to starboard as is safe and practicable
Reduce speed
Take all way off
Q15. When is a vessel allowed to move away from the starboard side of the narrow channel or fairway?
A15. Move away from the starboard side is allowed:
When the draught makes it necessary
In case of bank suction
For obstacles on the starboard side
Vessel aground
Vessel at anchor
Vessels engaged in certain operations
To join another fairway
To call at a harbour
Q16. Which vessel is not allowed to impede the passage of the vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway?
A16. Not allowed to impede the passage
Vessels of less than 20 m
Sailing vessels
Q17. Are fishing vessel allowed to impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway?
A17. Not allowed to impede the passage:
Fishing vessels
For any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway
Fishing vessels may fish in an narrow channel or fairway but they may NOT impede the passage of vessels navigating within a narrow channel or fairway
Q18. Is a vessel allowed crossing a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impede the safe passage the vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway?
A18. Crossing a narrow channel or fairway:
Vessels shall NOT cross a narrow channel or fairway
Narrow Channels Situations
Q1. You're in a Power-driven vessel doing 5 knots and ahead of you is a vessel doing 3 knots, what will you do?
A1. Make the sound signal for overtaking the vessel ahead of you.
Q2. What is the sound signal you would make if you want to pass his port-side and what is the sound signal to port pass his starboard side?
A2. To pass his port-side you would sound Morse "Z" which is 2 prolonged blasts followed by 2 short blasts on the ships whistle
To pass his starboard-side you would sound Morse "G" which is 2 prolonged blasts followed by one short blast on the ships whistle
Q3. What would you expect the overtaking vessel to sound after you gave him your overtaking signal?
A3. He should sound Morse "C" which is 1 prolonged blast followed by 1 short blast followed by 1 prolonged blast followed by 1 short blast on the ships whistle; this means he agrees to be overtaken
Q4. He has not given you the sound signal that he agrees to be overtaken; what will you do now?
A4. Slow your vessel down to the same speed that his is doing and give him the overtaking sound signal again
Q5. The vessel your about to overtake still has not gave you his sound signal to agree to be overtaken - is there any other signal he can give you?
A5. Yes he can give you the International code of signals - flag "Charlie" - which means - I agree
Q6. The vessel being overtaken has given you permission to overtake him and now your abeam of him - are you an overtaking vessel or a crossing vessel?
A6. Once you make yourself an overtaking vessel you remain an overtaking vessel until well past and clear of the vessel being overtaken.
Q7. What's deemed/classed as an overtaking vessel?
A7. Coming up on another vessel MORE than 22.5o abaft the beam of the vessel being overtaken
Q8. You have passed the vessel your overtaking, your about a mile past him, can you alter course now?
A8. As a Rule Of Thumb, Make a Close Quarter Situation 4 miles out in the open sea, so No this is not enough distance clear of the vessel being overtaking
Q9. What light will you see at night-time if your overtaking another vessel?
A9. The sternlight of the vessel being overtaken and no sidelights.
Q10. You're coming up on a vessel at 22.5o abaft the beam - are you a crossing vessel or an overtaking vessel?
A10. You'd be a crossing vessel - the word "MORE" is missing
Q11. Coming up on a vessel at 22.5o abaft the beam - what light will you see at night?
A11. One of the sidelights - you will not see a sternlight - you have to be MORE than 22.50 abaft the beam to see a sternlight.
Q12. Your overtaking another vessel, your vessel is sheering, one minute you see a sternlight then a sidelight then a sternlight then a sidelight, are you a crossing or overtaking vessel?
A12. If in doubt you make yourself an overtaking vessel and go around the stern of the vessel your overtaking.
Q13. You're overtaking another vessel, when can you become a crossing vessel?
A13. Once your well passed and clear (at least 4 miles).
Q14. A vessel Not Under Command is overtaking you, will you stand-on or give way to this vessel, he is having major problems steering?
A14. He is duty bound to keep clear of you, so you will stand-on with caution (BE VERY CAUTIOUS WITH THIS VESSEL OVERTAKING YOU) keep taking compass/radar and visual bearings of him constantly
Q15. You're in a power-driven vessel in a traffic lane and any vessel is overtaking you, what are you going to do?
A15. Stand-on with caution, maintaining your course and speed - the above vessel is constrained by her draught and she should be going at a speed that she can stop and stay in the deepest water available.
Q16. You're in a sailing vessel in a traffic lane and any vessel is overtaking you, what are you going to do?
A16. Stand-on with caution, maintaining your course and speed - any vessel overtaking any other shall keep well clear of the vessel being overtaken.
Q18. You're in a fishing vessel in a traffic lane and any vessel is overtaking you, what are you going to do?
A18. Stand-on with Caution maintaining your course and speed (You're using Rule 13 Overtaking just now - Rules 10 does not exist whilst being overtaken - when the vessel overtaking you is well past and clear then you go back to Rule 10 Traffic Separation Scheme).
Q19. In restricted visibility, your overtaking another vessel, will you stand-on or give way?
A19. There are no Stand-on Vessels in Restricted visibility - Rule 19 part (a) says
"This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility" In other words "No Stand-on Vessels".
Tips:
If overtaking a vessel in clear or restricted visibility - take the shortest possible route and go around the vessel being overtaken stern so you can get back onto your original course quicker as long as you have plenty of sea room.
You're a crossing vessel when coming up on a vessel at 22.5o abaft the beam
You need to be MORE than 22.5o abaft the beam to be overtaking.
The situation above with the International code of signals Code flag "C" has caught a lot of personnel out as it is not in Rule 9 or Rule 34.
Rule 9 - Narrow Channels
(i) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the other limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.
(ii) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.
(iii) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
(iv) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.
(v) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed by Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
(ii) This rule does not relieve the overtaking of her obligation under Rule 13.
(vi) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessel may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).
(vii) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
Questions & Answers
Q1. What side of the narrow channel would you keep?
A1.The starboard side of the narrow channel as long as your vessel is in safe water.
Q2. What would you sound to overtake a vessels starboard side?
A2. (Morse "G") (2 prolonged blasts followed by 1 short blast on the whistle
Q3. What would you sound to overtake a vessels port side?
A3. (Morse "Z")(2 prolonged blasts followed by 2 short blasts on the whistle)
Q4. What would you sound if you agree to be overtaken in a narrow channel?
A4. (Morse "C")(1 prolonged, 1 short, 1 prolonged, 1 short blast on the whistle)
Q5. What would you sound if you disagree to be overtaken in a narrow channel?
A5. (5 or more short and rapid blasts on the whistle)
Q6. What would you sound coming up to a bend in a narrow channel?
A6. (1 prolonged blast on the whistle)
Q7. If there is another vessel coming around the bend and he heard your warning signal, what would he sound?
A7. (1 prolonged blast on the whistle to let you know he is there)
Q8. What 3 vessels do not impede any other vessels using a narrow channel?
A8. A fishing vessel, sailing vessel and vessels under 20 metres
Q9. Are you allowed to cross a narrow channel?
A9. Yes, as long as you do not impede any vessel using the narrow channel
Q10. If you where in a narrow channel, and there is a vessel crossing a narrow channel, what would you sound to get him to stop and let you pass?
A10. Five or more short and rapid blasts on the whistle to indicate that your unsure of his intentions.
Q11. Define the term "narrow channel" or "fairway"?
A11. Narrow channel:
Channel limited by buoys
Channel 2 or 3 miles wide
The bed of a river
The deeper part of a river, harbour
An approach to harbour
Q12. Where should vessel navigate in narrow channel or fairway?
A12. Navigation in narrow channel or fairway:
Near outer limit on starboard side
As is safe and practicable
Q13. To what type of vessels does Rule 9, narrow channel apply?
A13. Applies to all vessels:
Power-driven vessels and sailing vessels
Q14. Which precautionary steps can you take if without apparent reason an incoming vessel does not keep to the starboard of the channel or fairway or navigates on the wrong side?
A14. Oncoming vessel does not keep to starboard:
Give warning signal
Keep to starboard as is safe and practicable
Reduce speed
Take all way off
Q15. When is a vessel allowed to move away from the starboard side of the narrow channel or fairway?
A15. Move away from the starboard side is allowed:
When the draught makes it necessary
In case of bank suction
For obstacles on the starboard side
Vessel aground
Vessel at anchor
Vessels engaged in certain operations
To join another fairway
To call at a harbour
Q16. Which vessel is not allowed to impede the passage of the vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway?
A16. Not allowed to impede the passage
Vessels of less than 20 m
Sailing vessels
Q17. Are fishing vessel allowed to impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway?
A17. Not allowed to impede the passage:
Fishing vessels
For any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway
Fishing vessels may fish in an narrow channel or fairway but they may NOT impede the passage of vessels navigating within a narrow channel or fairway
Q18. Is a vessel allowed crossing a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impede the safe passage the vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway?
A18. Crossing a narrow channel or fairway:
Vessels shall NOT cross a narrow channel or fairway
Narrow Channels Situations
A1. Make the sound signal for overtaking the vessel ahead of you.
A2. To pass his port-side you would sound Morse "Z" which is 2 prolonged blasts followed by 2 short blasts on the ships whistle
To pass his starboard-side you would sound Morse "G" which is 2 prolonged blasts followed by one short blast on the ships whistle
Q3. What would you expect the overtaking vessel to sound after you gave him your overtaking signal?
A3. He should sound Morse "C" which is 1 prolonged blast followed by 1 short blast followed by 1 prolonged blast followed by 1 short blast on the ships whistle; this means he agrees to be overtaken
Q4. He has not given you the sound signal that he agrees to be overtaken; what will you do now?
A4. Slow your vessel down to the same speed that his is doing and give him the overtaking sound signal again
A5. Yes he can give you the International code of signals - flag "Charlie" - which means - I agree
A6. Once you make yourself an overtaking vessel you remain an overtaking vessel until well past and clear of the vessel being overtaken.
Q7. What's deemed/classed as an overtaking vessel?
A7. Coming up on another vessel MORE than 22.5o abaft the beam of the vessel being overtaken
Q8. You have passed the vessel your overtaking, your about a mile past him, can you alter course now?
A8. As a Rule Of Thumb, Make a Close Quarter Situation 4 miles out in the open sea, so No this is not enough distance clear of the vessel being overtaking
Q9. What light will you see at night-time if your overtaking another vessel?
A9. The sternlight of the vessel being overtaken and no sidelights.
Q10. You're coming up on a vessel at 22.5o abaft the beam - are you a crossing vessel or an overtaking vessel?
A10. You'd be a crossing vessel - the word "MORE" is missing
Q11. Coming up on a vessel at 22.5o abaft the beam - what light will you see at night?
A11. One of the sidelights - you will not see a sternlight - you have to be MORE than 22.50 abaft the beam to see a sternlight.
Q12. Your overtaking another vessel, your vessel is sheering, one minute you see a sternlight then a sidelight then a sternlight then a sidelight, are you a crossing or overtaking vessel?
A12. If in doubt you make yourself an overtaking vessel and go around the stern of the vessel your overtaking.
Q13. You're overtaking another vessel, when can you become a crossing vessel?
A13. Once your well passed and clear (at least 4 miles).
A14. He is duty bound to keep clear of you, so you will stand-on with caution (BE VERY CAUTIOUS WITH THIS VESSEL OVERTAKING YOU) keep taking compass/radar and visual bearings of him constantly
A15. Stand-on with caution, maintaining your course and speed - the above vessel is constrained by her draught and she should be going at a speed that she can stop and stay in the deepest water available.
Q16. You're in a sailing vessel in a traffic lane and any vessel is overtaking you, what are you going to do?
A16. Stand-on with caution, maintaining your course and speed - any vessel overtaking any other shall keep well clear of the vessel being overtaken.
Q18. You're in a fishing vessel in a traffic lane and any vessel is overtaking you, what are you going to do?
A18. Stand-on with Caution maintaining your course and speed (You're using Rule 13 Overtaking just now - Rules 10 does not exist whilst being overtaken - when the vessel overtaking you is well past and clear then you go back to Rule 10 Traffic Separation Scheme).
A19. There are no Stand-on Vessels in Restricted visibility - Rule 19 part (a) says
"This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility" In other words "No Stand-on Vessels".
Tips:
If overtaking a vessel in clear or restricted visibility - take the shortest possible route and go around the vessel being overtaken stern so you can get back onto your original course quicker as long as you have plenty of sea room.
You're a crossing vessel when coming up on a vessel at 22.5o abaft the beam
You need to be MORE than 22.5o abaft the beam to be overtaking.
The situation above with the International code of signals Code flag "C" has caught a lot of personnel out as it is not in Rule 9 or Rule 34.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)